Freshwater Shrimp Farming – Calculating Profit Potential
Calculating profit potential from freshwater shrimp farming is a matter of starting with your gross income and subtracting all of your expenses. Here is how you do it and some of the items you need to consider.
First, you need calculate how many pounds of shrimp you can grow in your pond or tank. Once you know how much shrimp you can grow, you need to know how much money you can get for them. Once you have those figures, you can calculate your gross income. Let’s talk about how to gauge how much you can get for your shrimp.
The last time I went to my big box grocery store, they had Thailand farm raised headless shrimp for $14.99 a pound. We shouldn’t use that price per pound in our calculations because we have to account for the weight of the shrimp heads. We can guess-estimate the weight of the head to be one fourth the weight of the whole shrimp, and I might be wrong there, so that’s a variable that needs to be verified.
If headless shrimp go for $14.99, then we can guestimate whole shrimp might go for 75% of that, or $11.24 a pound. That just sounds a bit high to me and since I like to round down, my guestimate will be $10.00 a pound for shrimp right out of the pond, on ice and in a plastic bag. Multiply your yield in pounds by this delivered price of $10 per pound.
To arrive at a potential net income from raising your shrimp, you will need to deduct your expenses from your gross income. Net income is the number you get to pay taxes on. Coming up with your list of expenses is the hard part because your costs will be different from anyone else. Actually, paying the taxes is the hardest part.
There are two kinds of expense categories to consider. One category includes your set-up expenses and the other category includes your ongoing expenses.
Set-up expenses are things like installing the pond and buying your equipment. You might need nets or an aerator if you are going to use one, water meters and other equipment. This will be your largest outlay. You may already have a suitable pond, or you may want to use an above ground swimming pool in a building you can heat. So you will have to get these costs nailed down.
Ongoing expenses include items like the cost of purchasing your juveniles each year, the cost of their feed, electricity, labor, and not least in importance, the cost of the sign you put out front letting potential customers know when harvest day will be.
Once you have these added up it’s a simple matter of subtracting your expenses from your gross income and arriving at your net income before taxes. May your net income number always be large.
How to Get Rid of Fish Smell
The smell of fish is something that lingers in the fishing boat, in the kitchen, the pots and pans, in your car, on your hands, in your clothes and anywhere else that is touched by the fish.
It is not a pleasant smell for most people. I know there are those that say they grew up thinking that fish was supposed to smell like fish, but most find the lingering odor after the fish is long eaten to be unpleasant.
There are many home type remedies that are professed to work. Let me list some here for you to try.
1.) Wash or clean with a solution of vinegar and water.
2.) Wash or clean with a solution of bleach and water.
3.) If it is your refrigerator or freezer, empty it and turn it off. Place a container of boiling hot water with a sliced lemon in it. Leave for about an hour. Then make sure all the smelly ice is out of the freezer area and wipe down the walls and shelves with lemon water. Wipe each item thoroughly before replacing in the refrigerator or freezer.
4.) For the refrigerator or freezer, purchase vanilla-scented fridge deodorizer. It is supposed to kill the bacteria so it will put a stop to the odor for good, not just cover it up. Can be found in a good hardware store or supermarket.
5.) For a container, pots and pans or freezer, cut two potatoes and sprinkle some common table salt on it and place in the container for a couple of hours. Then wash thoroughly.
6.) Wash items with baking soda solution. 1-2 tablespoons of baking soda to 1 quart of water. Keep baking soda in the refrigerator or freezer where you normally store fish.
7.) For pots and pans try brewing some tea for 10-15 minutes. Discard and wash.
8.) For hands, etc. rubs hands with salt and then wash with a lemon scented soap or mild lemon detergent. Liberal use of nail brush at this time will also help.
9.) For clothes, give them a good soak in NappiSan or any other nappy/diaper soaker.
10.) For the fishing boat, body, clothes and children try “Simple Green”. Usually can be found at your local supermarket.
11.) “Simple Green” can also be carried along on your fishing trip to clean the smell and residue of insect repellent and sunscreen from your flies or leaders.
12.) This one might take a while but is recommended as having worked. If you have had an ice chest leak in the car try covering with newspaper. This can also be used for the freezer problem. It takes a while for the newspaper to absorb the odor but it seems to do so.
13.) While cooking to reduce the fish smell in the area try heating a little bit of olive oil in a pan and adding cinnamon to it. The fish smell will give way to the sweet cinnamon smell.
14.) If you want to get rid of the fish smell before you cook it, soak the raw fish in a little bit of vinegar and a lot of water. Is should not affect the flavor in any way.
15.) For the microwave try soaking a wet dish towel with a squirt of dish detergent on it and then place it in the center of the microwave and run the microwave on high for a few minutes. The scented stem will clean it. Then let air for a few minutes.
Then there are also some commercial solutions. Here are a few you might want to try:
1.) Zielonka Smell Buster – made in Germany out of special high-grade stainless steel. The Smell Buster is supposed to neutralize odors as soon as it comes into contact with air and water, leaving it fresh and clean. Try an internet search to find it.
2.) Several companies manufacture a liquid concentrate which sells for about $3.00 for 1/4 to 1/2 ounce. A couple drops are put on a piece of cotton and placed in the area to absorb odors, in the cabinet or in a room.
A couple of brand names are: “Odor-Away” by Wrap-on Co., available at hardware and hospital supply stores and “Clean-Air” found at some appliance repair shops.
Hospital supply stores carry Dow Chemical Hospital Disinfectant and Deodorant Spray. Spray into cabinet and quickly shut the door.
Hope some of these solutions will work for you to get rid of the fish smell wherever it is a problem for you.
How to Make Alfredo Sauce
Alfredo sauce is one of the most popular Italian sauces. Many people rate Italian restaurants by their Alfredo sauce. Now you should know that Alfredo sauce isn’t hard to make. You can easily make a very tasty plate of pasta at home. They key is good quality ingredients. Don’t skip on the butter, heavy cream, and Parmesan cheese. While this dish may not be the healthiest choice in dining, it is a nice treat.
Do use good quality butter, and cream. I have found that buying them relatively close to before you make the dish is a good idea. Sometimes butter and cream can pick up flavors from your fridge. When it comes to the Parmesan cheese, be sure to use good quality cheese. If the cheese comes in a can, please use some fresh Parmesan cheese. You will be rewarded with a flavorful sauce if you do.
½ C. Butter
2 C. grated Parmesan Cheese
½ C. Heavy Cream plus 2 Tbsp.
1 lb. dried pasta
Prepare pasta according to package directions. While the pasta is cooking, melt the butter, heavy cream, and half of the Parmesan cheese, cook over low to medium heat. When the pasta is done drain and pour into a bowl. Then add the melted cheese mixture to the pasta. Combine and then add the remaining Parmesan cheese. If you like you can add some salt, and white pepper to season.
Mixing the sauce with the pasta is an Italian way to serve up this particular dish. It coats the pasta well, and gives you a delicious bit of sauce in every bite. You do not need to rinse your pasta. Following these directions you can make delicious Alfredo sauce at home.
Holiday Appetizers – 3 Easy Christmas Appetizers
In addition to the old standby snacks like nuts, candy bowls filled to the brim with those gaily wrapped Christmas chocolates, or the chips and dip bowl, you may wish to offer your family and guests some more substantial appetizers to get those mouths watering, but not fill them up. We want to save room for the main course after all and don’t forget that dessert table in the corner. So, here are three easy recipes I think you will enjoy.
Don’t turn your nose up until you taste these SPAM SALAD BITES. You will need:
1 can Spam or other processed potted-ham lunch meat product (but I have found the Spam brand works best)
2 tablespoons finely chopped onion
1 teaspoon lemon pepper
1 tablespoon pimento
1 teaspoon spicy brown mustard
1/4 cup low-fat mayonnaise (or mayonnaise style salad dressing)
Crackers or toasted baguette slices
In the bowl of a food processor place the ham product, cut into cubes, and the other ingredients except the mayo. Pulse until all ingredients are mixed and mixture resembles coarse crumbs. It should not quite form a ball but be moist. Remove and mix in the mayo. Spread about a teaspoonful on each cracker or toasted baguette. Garnish with a sliver of pimento.
OPTIONS: You could also stuff this mixture into prepared cherry tomatoes. Simply remove the end and hollow out the seeds and pulp. Stuff the cavity with the ham mixture. Try using a can of white meat chicken or tuna instead. I have even used canned salmon and can shrimp which came out deliciously and was a real surprise to my guests.
BANANA HORS D’ OEUVRES You will need:
2 large bananas
1 cup citrus juice, (lemon, pineapple, grapefruit, or orange. You can also use a lemon-lime soda but you lose some of the flavoring)
3 ounces cream cheese
1/2 cup chopped nuts
Peel and slice the bananas into one inch slices. Marinate the slices in the juice in a plastic bag in the fridge for about 1 hour. Drain the juice and pat the bananas dry on a paper towel. Stir the softened, room temperature cream cheese to remove any lumps. Spread each slice of banana with the cream cheese and roll in the chopped nuts. Serve with toothpicks or on a skewer. This is also a great addition to a chocolate fountain table.
OPTIONS: You can also do this with tart sliced apples or even firm pears. You could also use slices of melon for a delicious alternative or you may want to do some of each.
And Here is an old favorite of my grandmother’s. We all love deviled eggs and these HARLEQUIN EGGS are no exception, although they are a nice twist on an old standby. You will need:
1 cooked carrot
1 cooked beet (or you can used cooked, canned beets, about 1/4 cup)
1/2 cup cooked and minced green beans
1/3 cup mayonnaise
1/4 teaspoon salt
1/8 teaspoon pepper
4 hard cooked eggs
Paprika
Shred the carrot and beets. Mix with the beans and blend with mayonnaise and seasoning. Cut the eggs into halves lengthwise, as you would for deviled eggs. Remove the yolks and set aside. Fill the cavities with the vegetable mixture. Sprinkle with sieved egg yolks. If you don’t have a sieve you can crush the yolks finely with a fork. Garnish with a pinch of paprika, a sliver of carrot, beet or bean, or even a slice of olive.
In a hurry? Try one of these Optional BALLS ON PICKS Appetizers.
Anchovy balls – mash 4 ounces anchovy paste with 2 hard-cooked eggs. Add 5 drops of Worcestershire sauce, a few grains of cayenne and 2/4 cup minced parsley.
Celery balls – Combine 3 ounces cream cheese, 1/4 teaspoon salt, dash of pepper and a small pinch of cayenne. Form balls and roll in 1 cup of minced celery.
Burning Bush – Combine 3 ounces of cream cheese, 1/2 teaspoon minced onion and roll in minced dried beef.
Fill those plates with these delicious appetizers and your guests will stop asking you, when will dinner be ready.
Diabetes Diet, What Are The 10 Best Fruits And Vegetables For Diabetic Patients
This is the question my diabetic patients always ask. Hopefully this article will enhance your knowledge about diet for a diabetic patient.
AVOID THESE FOODS
If you are a diabetic patient try to avoid following list of foods.
1-Sugar, artificial sweeteners and honey. However you may take sweetener like stevia. It is difficult to omit sugar from your diet at-once, I will recommend you to decrease sugar in your diet gradually.
2-You should stop taking sweets and chocolates. If you are in a party and want to take chocolate, then preferably try to take Continental dark chocolate with at-least 70% or more cocoa solids, and try to avoid chocolates where sugar is the first named ingredient
3-Try to avoid foods containing ingredients end in (ol) or (ose) as these are mainly different forms of carbohydrates like fructose, glucose, dextrose.
4-Avoid grains like cakes, biscuits, pies, tarts, breakfast cereals, wheat, rye, barley, corn, rice, bread, pasta, pastry,
5-Avoid vegetables which contain larger amount of starch and carbohydrates like potatoes,carrots, peas, beans, parsnips, beet.
6-Also avoid fruits like watermelon, mangoes, banana, Chikoos(Pakistani), jackfruit, grapes, Strawberry, Sugarcane.
7-You may take milk but in small quantity. Avoid fat yogurts and cheese. Also be careful not to drink too much coffee or tea and add only as much sugar as in needed for taste.
8-Avoid commercially packaged foods like TV dinners, “lean” or “light” in particular, and snack foods, fast foods.
9-Avoid fresh fruit juices as these are highly concentrated carbohydrates. If you like fruit juices you may dilute one part of juice with 3 or 4 parts of water.
10-Always avoid saturated fats like fatty meat, full fat dairy products, butter, lard. Try to prefer unsaturated fats like olive oil, corn oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, soy oil. Avoid cottage cheese as it has a high carbohydrate content and very little fat
You must be thinking that I have mentioned here all the stuff, and nothing is left to eat, these are foods you can eat:
1-You may take fruits like apple, Grapefruit, Lime, Peaches. You must divide your fruit and vegetable diet in five portions through all the day, by Spreading the fruit you eat through the day helps to avoid a sudden rise in blood sugar levels.
2-You must take high fibre diet. Fibrous diet is Cereals, Fruits, Nuts, Pulses, Seeds, Vegetables. Fibrous diet not only lowers your glucose level but also decreases blood cholesterol.
3-Always try to take whole grain rather than processed food and take things like whole-wheat spaghetti and brown rather than white rice(Indian Pakistani). Pakistani and Indian people do like white rice very much, but if you are diabetic, please avoid these.
4-You may take meat of lamb, beef once or twice a week. Organ meats can also be taken like liver kidneys and heart to meat your vitamin needs.
5-Try to take white meat like poultry chicken fish meat duck etc.
6-You may take Fish and seafood of all types. It is recommended to boil, steam, bake or grill fish rather than frying it.
7-Always prefer non-fatty dairy products such as “skimmed milk”, non-fat cheese and yogurt.
8-You may take eggs as well but try to take whitish part not the yellow one as it may increase your cholesterol level.
9-All cheeses can be taken except cottage cheese.
10-You may take all vegetables, onion and garlic are known for decreasing blood glucose level.
Generally Type 2 diabetic patients need 1500-1800 calorie diet per day to promote weight loss, however calories requirement may vary depending upon patients age, sex, activity level and body weight. 50% of total daily required calories should come from carbohydrates.One gram of carbohydrate is about 4 calories. A diabetic patient on a 1600 calorie diet should get 50% of these calories from carbohydrate. In other words it will be equal to 800 Calories from Carbohydrates, it means you have to take 200gms of carbohydrates everyday.It is better that you buy food tables with calories measurements to know more about your daily required food.
The Different Kinds Of Salad Dressings
You would initially think that salad dressings are all the same, that the dressing for a particular salad tastes good once mixed with a different salad. If you do think so, then you are most definitely wrong. There are various types of salad dressings to make each salad’s taste perfect and more delicious.
If you are thinking of having a yard salad served on your get-together, then you must know that yard salads require its special kind of salad dressing. You have to prepare a tablespoon of raw honey. Do not risk your life trying to evade stings of bees for raw honey can now be bought in grocery stores. You will also need 1/3 cup of lemon juice; fresh ground pepper for that awesome taste; a teaspoon of minced fresh tarragon; and 2/3 of cup that contains olive oil.
Dissolve the honey in lemon juice first. After that, add the tarragon and pepper, and then stir. Afterwards, add the olive oil in a cruet. Shake the cruet vigourously to prevent any clotting of the mixed substances, and also for a better blend. Once done, just acquire of a few tablespoonfuls for your yard salad, the remains can be used for later use.
Things will be different for parsley dressing. You will be needing, not one, but three tablespoons of olive oil; two tablespoons of lemon juice and another two for chopped parsley; and ¼ of a teaspoon that holds onion powder. Once you are done preparing the ingredients you need for you self-made parsley dressing, beat the olive oil, lemon juice and onion powder well. Afterwards, add the chopped parsley. When you already want to serve it, confident that your parsley dressing tastes good, do so on lettuce wedges.
Making a honey mustard dressing is another story. You must prepare a half cup of spring water, so it is supposed that you need to go hiking for a fresh water spring; a half cup of olive oil; one teaspoon of mustard powder; 1/8 teaspoon of garlic powder; two tablespoonfuls of honey; and a pinch of white pepper. The ingredients do not change if you want to make a peppercorn dressing, but you just need to add up 1/8 of a teaspoon of white pepper.
There is also such thing as a lime, oil and garlic dressing. You just need ¼ teaspoon of kosher salt, and you may add a little more if you think it is necessary; one teaspoon of garlic which you have chopped into fine pieces; two tablespoons of finely chopped shallots; one cup of extra virgin olive oil; 1/3 cup of lime juice, you may use lemon if you have no supply of the former, you may also add more if needed; and freshly ground black pepper.
Use a small bowl and whisk the salt, garlic and shallots in it, together with the lime juice. Continue doing so and do not stop until the salt is dissolved. Slowly whisk in the olive oil until the mixture is emulsified. Taste it to be sure if it is the kind of mixture that you want. Season your creation with pepper and a little more salt, and add a little more lime juice.
There are even more styles of salad dressings and each one is perfect for a particular salad. Making these various salad dressings are very easy, all you need is patience. It is very easy to look for the aforementioned ingredients, but what is not easy is when you are already making it. You have to be patient when making salad dressings because the processes used for them may take some time. If you are not patient, then your salad dressing will not taste good.
Who would want to eat a salad with a foul-tasting salad dressing? Nobody, that’s who.
Expat Life in Sri Lanka, Colombo
I recently visited the wonderful island of Sri Lanka, and found a country full of surprises.
Sri Lanka is situated just south of India, in the Indian Ocean. Once known as the Dominium of Ceylon and often referred to as the tea country, tea plantations abundantly thrive across the island, with spice gardens, banana and coconut palms growing randomly to create a jungle of natural resources.
People, animals and transport seem to co-exist side by side with no animosity towards each other. Dogs wonder aimlessly across or bask in the sun at the side of roads, cows and goats roam around everywhere, even on the beaches (which I found rather amusing) and people are everywhere, whether walking, cycling, using a tuc-tuc, motorbike with 5 astride, in a taxi, bus, car or truck, each takes up a space of the not too wide road. But co-exist they do, there is no anger at being stuck behind a truck, merely a short hooting of the horn to say I am here and would like to pass, politeness abounds and the expression and sounds are all of friendliness, within a country that sorely needs help at redeveloping itself since the tsunami. People are poor and yet happiness is everywhere…. Not just for the child on the hip or the person at their side, but for expats and tourists as well.
Tourists fluctuate towards the resorts and some chance the areas slightly outside of these areas, to experience a quieter less harassed holiday. Small pockets of expats can be found, dotted all over the country. When you bump into these people and chat about life on the island, there is not much to complain about. Yes, sometimes the water gets turned off or the electricity, yes the internet is not as fast as they would like it to be. Isn’t that how most people feel in developed countries anyway: The faster it gets the faster we want it. In this little piece of paradise, expats are not too concerned that it takes a little longer to do things here, the people are prepared to wait, not too hasty to move forward too quickly. There was a lot of talk and concern about the elections and safety within the country and there are still road blockades and police / army personnel with guns wandering around keeping peace if necessary. However, with 70% of the population being Buddhists, the lifestyle is peaceful and life simplistic.
From an expat perspective, I could not fault the lifestyle. As said above, yes there are definite things missing, things are slower, it takes a good 4 – 6 hours to get from Colombo to Galle and similarly to anywhere about 200km’s apart. I cannot say that the roads are particularly in good condition, but in the 10 days that I visited, I did not see one accident. Hardships could include the lack of being able to get from one part of the island to another quickly, the lack of fast internet connection, perhaps the human waste / refuse, which allows for the influx of flies, the dirt which is left to lie around and lastly the lack of funds to rebuild the country to what it was before the Tsunami.
Having said that, I have to look at all the good things that you find there, the beauty of the natural resources, how the nationals and expats are trying to rebuild the country, the beaches, game parks and mountains. This is truly a beautiful part of the world.
Expat Cost of living summary
The currency in Sri Lanka is the Sri Lankan Rupee LKR
The Exchange rate as at 15 January 2010 was $1 = 114.217 Rupees
I am going to break the Cost of living down according to some of the basket items:
Alcohol and Tobacco: Alcohol at Bar, Beer, Cigarettes, Locally Produced Spirit, Whiskey, Wine
Cigarettes (20s) – $3.14 to $9
Domestic Beer(500ml) – $2.50
Imported Beer (330ml) – $5.80
Wine at a bar – $6 a glass
Wine at a shop – $15 (750ml bottle)
Hotels tend to increase the prices of alcohol as it is the one way that they can make a profit. There are many small hotels and restaurants which create a competitive edge to where you can stay.
Clothing: Business Suits, Casual Clothing, Children’s Clothing and footwear, Coats and hats, Evening Wear, Shoe Repairs, Underwear
Casual Long Sleeved Shirt (Men) – $12
Casual Long Sleeved Trousers (Men) – $20
Shorts (Men) – $11
T-Shirt (Men) – $6
Casual Blouse (Women) – $7
Casual Skirt (Women) – $12
Children’s Jeans (Boys) – $5
Children’s Jeans (Girls) – $3.50
Children’s Shirt(Boys) – $5
Children’s Shirt(Girls) – $4
Clothes are extremely cheap, in Colombo a person can get most of the name branded clothing at fairly reasonable prices in Factory shops.
Communication: Home Telephone Rental and Call Charges, Internet Connection and service provider fees, Mobile / Cellular Phone Contract and Calls
Monthly phone rental – $4.36
Phone call rate – $0.05 for a local call
Internet line connection fee – $104 (buy all equipment with installation)
Internet service provider fee – $17 (1 geg free thereafter)
Monthly mobile contract fee – $2.18 (for the year)
Mobile / cellular call rate – 90% of phones are prepaid,
Mobile Phone 100 Minutes Call – $38
- $0.012 – $0.05 sms peak times
Due to so many of the nationals working overseas to send money home, the communication costs are extremely low and there are often special deals or no cost is involved in the actual call.
Education: Creche / Pre-School Fees, High School / College Fees, Primary School Fees, Tertiary Study Fees
Annual Creche fee – $4.36 per month
Annual Primary school fee – $260 – $436 per month
Annual High School fee – $260 – $436 per month
Annual 1st Year Tertiary / University fee – $260 to $436 per month (dependent on which
private school they go to)
Private schooling is the most expensive on the island for expat children to attend, however the rates in comparison to other countries are reasonable. Expats that I came across spoke highly of the education system in the country and were happy with the private education that their children were receiving.
Furniture and Appliances: DVD Player, Fridge Freezer, Iron, Kettle, Toaster, microwave, Light Bulbs, Television, Vacuum Cleaner, Washing Machine
DVD Player – $87
Fridge / Freezer – $489 (LG / Whirlpool – 4 year guarantee)
Iron – $12 cheap to $35 top of the range
Kettle – $20 cheap to $37 top of the range
Microwave – $191
TV 21 inch – $244 (2 year guarantee)
Washing Machine LG – $570
Discounts can be negotiated with stores on all items
Groceries bought in a grocery store: Baby Consumables, Baked Goods, Baking, Canned Foods, Cheese, Cleaning Products, Dairy, Fresh Fruits, Fresh Vegetables, Fruit Juices, Frozen, Meat, Oil & Vinegars, Pet Food, Pre-Prepared Meals, Sauces, Seafood, Snacks, Soft Drinks, Spices & Herbs
Powdered baby formula (400g) – $7
Plain biscuits (100g) – $0.20
Loaf white bread (200g) – $0.70
Cake Flour (1kg) – $2.80
Baked Beans (415g) – $1.92
Tuna (185g) – $2.75
Cheese: Cheddar (250g) – $6.63
Crisps: Pringles (139g) – $2.50
Autowash clothing powder (750g) – $1.57
Dishwash liquid (500g) – $0.87
Clothing Softener (2l) – $5.40
Breakfast Cereal (250g) – $2.45
Butter (227g) – $2.18
Milk (1l) – $1.40
Eggs (12) – $1.80
Orange Juice (1l) – $2.80
Frozen Mixed Vegetables (1kg) – $6.20
Cooking oil (1l) – $3.22
Olive oil (500ml) – $8.28
Can of cola (355ml) – $1.00
Local Fizzy Soft Drink (1l) – $1.30
Local Natural Mineral Water (5l) – $1.08
Tea Bags (200g) – $1.85
Instant Coffee (100g) – $6.75
Local Ground Coffee (200g) – $3.66
Salt (400g) – $0.26
Pepper (400g) – $0.35
Prices were obtained from local grocery stores, there are no big department stores to shop in.
Healthcare: General Practitioner Consultation rates, Hospital Private Ward Daily, Rate, Non-Prescription Medicine, Private Medical Insurance / Medical Aid Contributions
GP Private rate visit with meds – $3.50
Hospital Private ward rates – $28 per day
Dentistry – Tooth extraction – $4.35
Most expats use Bupa or the Sri Lankan Equivalent
Household: House / Flat Mortgage, House / Flat Rental, Household Electricity Consumption, Household Gas / Fuel Consumption, Household Water Consumption, Local Property Rates / Taxes / Levies
Rent 2 bed Apartment City Centre – $700
Rent 2 bed Apartment outside of City Centre – $600
Electricity, Gas, Water, Garbage per – $80 to $90 per month for an average
household, this is expensive when taking household
air conditioning into account
Gas / Fuel – 12 ½ kg bottle – $14
Local property Rates – 8 to 10% of value of property
Expats cannot buy a property directly, this has to be done via a Lawyer who owns the property. Mortgage for locals is 4/5%. This is where most expats find the costs creep in, running the air conditioners is extremely expensive as well as the cost of water.
Miscellaneous: Domestic Help, Dry Cleaning, Linen, Office Supplies, Newspapers and Magazines, Postage Stamps
Domestic Rates – full time per person – $80 average
1 Black inkjet printer cartridge – $14
1 Color inkjet printer cartridge – $21
500 sheets printer paper – $5.23
Local Daily Newspaper – $0.17
International Daily Newspaper – $0.45
International Magazine – $20
International Airmail Stamps – $0.22
Domestic Stamps – $0.12
Domestic help is cheap and most employees either live on the property or close by. Office supplies are reasonable, with CD’s and DVD’s freely available on the street where most locals buy them.
Personal Care: Cosmetics, Haircare, Moisturiser / Sun Block, Nappies, Pain Relief Tablets, Toilet Paper, Toothpaste, Soap / Shampoo / Conditioner
Body lotion (400ml) Vaseline Intensive car – $4.53
Toilet paper 1 ply per roll – $0.50
Toothpaste (200g) – $1.92
Shampoo (200ml) – $2.40
Some of the items that can be purchased can be expensive, like creams, sunblocks and cosmetic creams. Name brand products are the most expensive.
Recreation and Culture: Books, Camera Film, Cinema Ticket, DVD and CD’s, Sports goods, Theatre Ticket
Books paper back – $10
Cinema ticket – $0.50
DVD / CD Imported – $2
Cricket ticket – $0.50 to $8
Theatre Ticket – only in Colombo – $30
Hard cover books are expensive in the country, but paper back books are of a similar cost to the US and UK. Cinema tickets are cheap due to the availability of cheap DVD replicas which can be bought on street corners. International cricket tickets are also kept cheap for the local population.
Restaurants / Meals out / Hotels: Business Dinner, Dinner at Restaurant (non fast food), Hotel Rates, Take Away Drinks & Snacks (fast Food)
Business Dinner excl Alcohol – $22 per person
Dinner / lunch at local restaurant – $8 per person
McDonalds Big Mac – $4.10
Hotel Rates 3* – $8 to $50 pppn
Hotel Rates 4* – $80 to $120 pppn
Hotel Rates 5* – $140 pppn upwards
Take away – Can of cola x 1 – $0.70
Medium pizza – $3.50
Hamburger – $2.00
Coffee – pot x 3 cups – $1.40
As in most countries how much you pay for a meal is dependent on where you go, the local restaurants have great local meals, as well as international flavours, we found a fabulous vegetarian restaurant in Galle, well worth a visit and all prices were fairly cheap. Some restaurants do take advantage of the tourist population and serve sub standard meals. However, most restaurants were good with their portions and meal plans.
Transport: Hire Purchase / Lease of Vehicle, Petrol / Diesel, Public Transport, Service Maintenance, Tyres, Vehicle Insurance, Vehicle Purchase
Hire / Lease car – Sedan Toyota Corolla – $37.14 per day for 1 week
Hire / Lease car – Toyota RAV4 – $46.71 per day for 1 week
Petrol unleaded per litre – $1.23
Diesel per litre – $0.64
Bus Ticket (one way) – $1.00
Taxi Ride – per km – $0.50
Tuc Tuc – 10 km ride – $6.00
Train Ticket 2nd class – $1.57
If you are visiting I would suggest you use the local taxis and tuc-tucs, driving can be a head-ache and unpleasant experience if you are not used to the local norms. However, speeds do not go over 80km on the bigger roads and overall a safe place to drive.
The above detail are some of the items form the basis of the cost of living indexes for each basket group in the Xpatulator calculators, these costs are then used with their indexes and exchange rates to calculate the cost of living in different locations.
For more information on Sri Lanka read more at www.xpatulator.com/outside.cfm.
An Easy, Quick Recipe – Baked Ham Steak With Pineapple
Are you often rushed in the evenings? Finding it hard to get dinner on the table and still have time for the important things in life? A few easy quick recipes, combined with a little planning will make cooking dinner a pleasure again.
Look for recipes that are simple –with minimum preparation, then let your oven or slow cooker do the work. This recipe features an easy preparation, then cooks quickly in only 20 minutes in the oven while you fix a salad and warm some dinner rolls. Baked Ham Steak with Pineapple is an old favorite that can easily and quickly solve tonight’s dinner crisis.
You will find these pre-sliced ham steaks vacuum packed in the meat department of your grocery. Sizes range from 1 to 2 pounds. This recipe calls for 1 1/2 pound, but choose a steak that will serve your family. If it is much smaller, then cook for a little less time. This serves 4 generously.
Baked Ham Steak with Pineapple
1 1/2 pound ham steak
1 can pineapple rings
brown sugar
cinnamon
1. Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F.
2. Trim off or slice through the fat on the edge of the ham in several places to prevent curling in the pan.
3. Place the ham steak in a shallow ovenproof pan and place the pineapple slices on top. Pour the pineapple juice over all.
4. Place the ham steak in the oven and bake for 20 minutes (uncovered).
5. After 20 minutes, remove the pan from the oven and turn the oven up to broil.
6. Baste the ham with the pan juices. Sprinkle a little brown sugar over the pineapple slices and dust with cinnamon.
7. Return to oven and broil for 3 to 5 minutes or until the pineapple is lightly browned. Serve each ham steak with a pineapple slice.
Serve with a tossed salad and dinner rolls for an easy quick dinner recipe solution. I hope that this menu will find its way onto your table soon.
How to Calculate a Cost of Living Allowance
A Cost of Living Allowance (COLA) is a salary supplement paid to employees to cover differences in the cost of living, particularly as a result of an international assignment. The amount of COLA should enable an expatriate to be able to purchase the same basket of goods and services in the host location as they could in their home country. The basis for calculating a COLA is the Cost of Living Index (COLI) which indexes the costs of the same basket of goods and services in different geographic locations. COLA is a simple accurate method of measuring fluctuating salary purchasing power and ensuring parity.
Cost of Living Index
Our cost of Living Indexes measure the cost of 230 products and services across 13 different basket groups in 276 cities across the globe. The data is gathered by a team of research analysts who survey comparable items that are available internationally. A minimum of 3 prices for the same brand/size/volume of product is used to determine the average price for each item in each location. The items are priced on a quarterly basis and tend to rise and fall with inflation. The 13 different basket categories are as follows:
Alcohol & Tobacco: Alcoholic beverages and tobacco products
Alcohol at Bar
Beer
Cigarettes
Locally Produced Spirit
Whiskey
Wine
Clothing: Clothing and footwear products
Business Suits
Casual Clothing
Children’s Clothing and footwear
Coats and hats
Evening Wear
Shoe Repairs
Underwear
Communication
Home Telephone Rental and Call Charges
Internet Connection and service provider fees
Mobile / Cellular Phone Contract and Calls
Education
Crèche / Pre-School Fees
High School / College Fees
Primary School Fees
Tertiary Study Fees
Furniture & Appliances: Furniture, household equipment and household appliances
DVD Player
Fridge Freezer
Iron
Kettle, Toaster, Microwave
Light Bulbs
Television
Vacuum Cleaner
Washing Machine
Groceries: Food, non-alcoholic beverages and cleaning material
Baby Consumables
Baked Goods
Baking
Canned Foods
Cheese
Cleaning Products
Dairy
Fresh Fruits
Fresh Vegetables
Fruit Juices
Frozen
Meat
Oil & Vinegars
Pet Food
Pre-Prepared Meals
Sauces
Seafood
Snacks
Soft Drinks
Spices & Herbs
Healthcare: General Healthcare, Medical and Medical Insurance
General Practitioner Consultation rates
Hospital Private Ward Daily Rate
Non-Prescription Medicine
Private Medical Insurance / Medical Aid Contributions
Household: Housing, water, electricity, household gas, household fuels, local rates and residential taxes
House / Flat Mortgage
House / Flat Rental
Household Electricity Consumption
Household Gas / Fuel Consumption
Household Water Consumption
Local Property Rates / Taxes / Levies
Miscellaneous: Stationary, Linen and general goods and services
Domestic Help
Dry Cleaning
Linen
Office Supplies
Newspapers and Magazines
Postage Stamps
Personal Care: Personal Care products and services
Cosmetics
Haircare
Moisturiser / Sun Block
Nappies
Pain Relief Tablets
Toilet Paper
Toothpaste
Soap / Shampoo / Conditioner
Recreation and Culture
Books
Camera Film
Cinema Ticket
DVD and CD’s
Sports goods
Theatre Ticket
Restaurants, Meals Out and Hotels
Business Dinner
Dinner at Restaurant (non fast food)
Hotel Rates
Take Away Drinks & Snacks (fast Food)
Transport: Public Transport, Vehicle Costs, Vehicle Fuel, Vehicle Insurance and Vehicle Maintenance
Hire Purchase / Lease of Vehicle
Petrol / Diesel
Public Transport
Service Maintenance
Tyres
Vehicle Insurance
Vehicle Purchase
Each basket category does not count equally and are weighted in the final calculation based on expatriate spending patterns.
In order to calculate an accurate cost of living index for a specific individual the basket items that are not relevant to the individual should be excluded from the calculation. For example if education and housing is provided by the employer these basket categories would be excluded from the cost of living index calculation. This increases the accuracy of the cost of living index and makes it possible for each individual to have their own customized cost of living index based on their specific arrangements rather than using an overall “generic” index which is likely to contains costs that are not relevant to the individual.
The formula for calculating the specific cost of living index for an international assignment is as follows:
Cost of Living Index = Customized Cost of Living Index for Host City / Customized Cost of Living Index for Home City
When moving to a higher cost of living host city, the index will be greater than 1 (positive). When moving to a lower cost of living host city the index will be less than 1 (negative). Where the index is negative it means that in real terms the cost of living in the host city is lower than the home city. This means that if the negative index where to be applied to the employee’s salary, they would actually be paid proportionately less spendable salary in the host city. It is important to note that the majority of organizations do not apply a negative cost of living index because it makes it difficult to persuade an employee to take up an assignment as they tend to see it as a reduction in salary.
Examples of Cost of Living Index Calculations using our data:
Example 1) An Australian employee moving from Perth to London where healthcare and communication will be provided by the employer
More Expensive in London:
Alcohol & Tobacco +4.77%
Clothing +21.85%
Education +31.53%
Furniture & Appliances +16.03%
Groceries +16.35%
Household +50.72%
Miscellaneous +137.47%
Personal Care +11.18%
Recreation & Culture -6.82%
Restaurants Meals Out and Hotels +34.99%
Transport +19.80%
The overall difference in cost of living moving from Perth and London is +28.06%.
In this case the cost of living index is positive and would be applied as it is.
Example 2) A British employee moving from London to Mumbai where the employer will provide housing and education
More Expensive in Mumbai:
Alcohol & Tobacco -37.53%
Clothing -9.58%
Communication -44.92%
Furniture & Appliances -19.31%
Groceries -24.03%
Healthcare -31.24%
Miscellaneous -72.43%
Personal Care -24.94%
Recreation & Culture -35.73%
Restaurants Meals Out and Hotels -33.11%
Transport is -27.99%
The overall difference in cost of living moving from London Mumbai is -30.53%.
In this case the cost of living index is negative and would not be applied.
Net Spendable Salary
Differences in cost of living only impact the portion of the salary that is spendable in the host country. Items in the home country such as retirement funding, medical insurance and other home based costs are not impacted by the cost of living in the host country.
To determine the Net Spendable Salary establish what amount / portion of the current salary (in home currency) is spent in maintaining the employee’s current standard of living / lifestyle. What will the expatriate need to spend their salary on in the host country? For example will accommodation be provided or will the employee pay rent, will healthcare be provided etc. Deduct all items that are either provided in kind or are spendable in the home country. Deduct the hypothetical amount of tax, social contributions and any other statutory deductions applicable in the home country from the Spendable Salary. What is left is the Net Spendable Salary.
Cost of Living Allowance (COLA)
The formula for calculating the cost of living allowance using the above inputs is as follows:
(Net Spendable Salary X Cost of Living Index X Hardship Index X Exchange Rate) less (Net Spendable Salary X Exchange Rate) = COLA
Examples of COLA Calculations using our data
Example 1) An Australian employee with a net spendable salary of AUD$100,000 moving from Perth to London where healthcare and communication will be provided by the employer
($100,000.00 X 1.2806 X 1 X 0.4768) less ($100,000.00 X 0.4768) = COLA of £13,379.44 (GBP)
Based on all the above factors a person would require a Cost of Living Allowance of £13,379.44 (GBP), in addition to their current salary of 100,000.00 Australian Dollar (AUD) to compensate for relocating from Perth to London. This Cost of Living Allowance compensates for the overall cost of living difference of +28.06% and the relative difference in hardship of 0%.
Example 2) A British employee with a net spendable salary of £18,000 moving from London to Mumbai where the employer will provide housing and education
Note: Because the Cost of Living Index is negative it is not applied.
(£18,000.00 X 1 X 1.3 X 67.2852) less (£18,000.00 X67.2852) = COLA of 363,340.32 Indian Rupee
Based on all the above factors a person would require a Cost of Living Allowance of 363,340.32 (INR ), in addition to their current salary of £18,000.00 British Pound (GBP ) to compensate for relocating from London to Mumbai. This Cost of Living Allowance compensates for the overall cost of living difference of [-30.53%] and the relative difference in hardship of 30%.
COLA Payment
The COLA is paid as a salary supplement (i.e. as an additional allowance) net of tax in the host country. If the COLA is a taxable allowance in the host country it should be grossed up in order that the full amount of calculated COLA is paid net of tax given that the basis of the calculation is Net Spendable Salary. The COLA is often accompanied by other allowances and benefits such as flights home, relocation / settling in allowance, and furnishing allowance.
Exchange Rate Fluctuations
Significant changes in the exchange rate can make a considerable difference in the COLA calculation. In 2008 some of the major global exchange rates changed by as much as 30-40%.
The cost of living index reflects the changes caused by inflation and exchange rates. In the short-term there may be disequilibrium between inflation and the exchange rate (the one pushes the other), however over time the cost of living index provides the most accurate view of the cost of living.
It is important to remind expatriates that when the cost of living difference is negative, and the negative value has not been applied, they have higher purchasing power in the host country than they would at home.
Where a negative cost of living index has not been applied (our recommended approach), and a change in the exchange rate indicates an upward adjustment in COLA may be required, it is recommended that the COLA should not be adjusted upward until the cost of living index becomes positive i.e. the cost of living reflects that there is a “real” increase in cost of living between home and host countries. This may mean that their would be no increase in the COLA as a result of exchange rate fluctuations for some considerable time. During this time the employee’s purchasing power decreases. But it is important to remember that until the cost of living difference becomes positive, the individual will still have a higher purchasing power than they do in their home country.
It is advisable to stipulate a currency protection rule, rather than reacting to every fluctuation in the exchange rate. For example the rule may state that COLA will be reviewed if exchange rates or local inflation move by more than +10% during a year. It is important to keep in mind that the prices of goods and services are unlikely to drop in local currency. This would only occur in a period of deflation (negative inflation). Therefore the currency protection rule would normally make provision for upward adjustments in COLA and not downward adjustments during an employee’s assignment. Downward adjustments to an existing COLA due to exchange rate fluctuations without a corresponding drop in the prices of local goods and services puts immense pressure on an employee’s host currency budget commitments and can lead to the employee experiencing financial difficulty.
Using an independent service provider provides an independent, objective basis for determining an employee’s COLA.
We recommend therefore that a COLA is calculated by applying the specific (customized) cost of living index to the net spendable salary at the beginning of the assignment and monitoring exchange rate fluctuations thereafter in addition to the annual salary review.
Steps to Cooking Deer Sausage
Venison is the name of the meat made from a variety of deer species of meat and can be eaten in the form of steaks, roasts, or sausages. Talking about deer sausage, it comes in either fresh sausage, meaning without curing salt; cured which contains some sort of curing mixture or salt; the dried form which means no cooking was done or even semi-dry such as the smoked sausages.
Now we will see how to cook deer sausage. The recipes are infinite including applying methods such as frying, broiling, smoking or baking. Since the meat is fat-free, hence it is usually needs the pork as a flavoring and fat enhancement.
The tools required to cook deer sausages are a large mixing bowl, a refrigerator, an oven and sausage casings. In the case of ingredients, you will need four and a half pounds of ground venison, one pound of ground pork sausage, two tablespoons of salt, two tablespoons of sugar, two tablespoons of hickory smoked salt, two and a half tablespoons of garlic powder, two and a half tablespoons of mustard seeds, and lastly two and a half tablespoons of black pepper.
Firstly, you would have to mix the pork and venison together in the large bowl. Combine the spices or seasonings into the bowl and mix them well. You may add the pepper as one of the seasonings if you prefer the sausages to be spicy. Next, place the ground meat in a container covered with a lid and refrigerate for approximately a day. After it is done, remove the bowl from the refrigerator and mix the ingredients again to ensure it is well-marinated. Then return the bowl into the refrigerator for three more days.
When it is time, remove the mixture and place an appropriate amount of the meat into the sausage casings. You should be careful not to put too much as the casing might burst due to excessive amount of meat. There are a few methods on how to cook deer sausage.
To bake the deer sausages, place the casings on an oven rack and put the rack into a preheated oven. Let the sausage cook for eight hours at 140 degrees or you may shorten the time to four hours at 280 degrees. Do not cook too many sausages at a time and remember to cool the sausages for five minutes before serving them.
Besides baking, you can also cook deer sausage by frying. You need to first heat the oil in the frying pan or wok and place the sausages into the pan. Slowly fry them using medium heat, occasionally turning the sausages. Carry on frying until the liquid in the pan has evaporated. After the sausages are cooked, place them onto a paper towel to allow excess oil absorption. Then your deer sausages are done and prepared to be served!